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The Impact of Geopolitics on the Development of International Trade
Ushakova N. G., Androsova T. V.

Ushakova, Nataliia G., and Androsova, Tetiana V. (2025) “The Impact of Geopolitics on the Development of International Trade.” Business Inform 11:53–61.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-11-53-61

Section: International Economic Relations

UDC 339.545:339.986

Abstract:
Changes in the balance of political power, regional conflicts, sanctions policies, and the formation of new alliances and blocs – all of these directly affect the efficiency of global markets. The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of geopolitical processes on the development of international trade, identify the main trends, opportunities, and risks for Ukraine that arise from shifts in the global political and economic balance. The influence of geopolitics on international trade is manifested through a number of mechanisms: political instability and military conflicts that alter supply chains and redirect trade flows; control over transport and logistics routes, which determines access to global markets; the use of economic sanctions as a tool of political pressure; the formation of trade and economic blocs and alliances that either facilitate or, conversely, limit the integration of individual countries, geo-economic competition for energy, technological, food, and other resources. The rise of political and military conflicts leads to changes in the processes of deep economic integration, as countries strive to reduce dependence on specific markets, a trend of geo-economic fragmentation (increase in regional trade agreements, creation of «friendly supply chains», strengthening of economic protectionism and technological sovereignty). As a result, a multipolar structure of world trade is emerging, where centers of economic influence compete not only economically but also technologically and ideologically. Under these conditions, countries’ positions in the global market will be determined, first, by the ability of countries to adapt to changes in the geopolitical environment, and secondly, by balancing economic efficiency and national security. For Ukraine, the geopolitical factor is of decisive importance. Military aggression by Russia has led to the destruction of part of the industrial infrastructure and disruption of logistics, but at the same time has encouraged the reorientation of exports towards the European Union, MENA countries, the development of new transport corridors, deeper integration into the European market, digitalization of foreign economic activity, and participation in global recovery initiatives.

Keywords: geopolitics, international trade, sanctions, protectionism, geo-economic competition, supply chains, export, import.

Fig.: 3. Bibl.: 28.

Ushakova Nataliia G. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Economics and Business, State Biotechnological University (44 Alchevskykh Str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Androsova Tetiana V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Economics and Business, State Biotechnological University (44 Alchevskykh Str., Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]

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