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Legal Foundations for Regulating the Development of Critical Infrastructure: International Practice and Ukrainian Experience
Khaustova V. Y., Trushkina N. V.

Khaustova, Viktoriia Ye., and Trushkina, Nataliia V. (2025) “Legal Foundations for Regulating the Development of Critical Infrastructure: International Practice and Ukrainian Experience.” Business Inform 11:6–26.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-11-6-26

Section: Economic Theory

Article is written in Ukrainian
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UDC 351.863:342.9:338.246.87

Abstract:
The article is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the legal foundations for regulating the development of critical infrastructure in Ukraine, taking into account the experience of the European Union and the recommendations of international organizations. The relevance of the study is due to the large-scale destruction of infrastructure sectors, the increase in physical, hybrid, and cyber threats, as well as the strategic challenges of post-war reconstruction and European integration reforms. The study highlights that current conditions require enhancing the resilience of critical infrastructure as a socioeconomic and technical system capable of ensuring the continuity of vital functions of the State and society in the context of multidimensional crises. The aim of the article is a comparative legal analysis of approaches to regulating critical infrastructure in Ukraine and the EU according to the CER and NIS2 Directives, and to identify directions for improving national legislation. The methodological instruments include formal-legal, systemic-structural, and comparative-legal approaches, complemented by risk-oriented and scenario-based methods. It has been found that the EU normative doctrine is based on a functional definition of critical infrastructure, integrated risk management, unified cyber resilience requirements, and multi-level coordination. Ukrainian legislation partially conforms to these approaches; however, it retains an object-sectoral logic, has underdeveloped risk management mechanisms, ambiguous requirements for cyber resilience and institutional interaction, and does not contain a legally defined category of «critical service». The scientific novelty of this article lies in substantiating the transition to a functionally resilient model for regulating critical infrastructure and in systematizing the CER, NIS2, and OECD approaches for adaptation in the Ukrainian context. The practical results of the study include recommendations for introducing the category of «critical services», establishing a national resilience center, standardizing risk management and resilience audits, harmonizing cyber security with NIS2, promoting public-private partnerships, and integrating physical and cyber security. The findings will help enhance the institutional and operational capacity of the State in the sphere of critical infrastructure, improve the legal framework for its functioning, and create a resilient development model capable of ensuring Ukraine’s stability during wartime and post-wartime transformations. The study also provides a foundation for further work aimed at developing a conceptual model of resilient critical infrastructure in Ukraine.

Keywords: national economy, critical infrastructure, regulatory and legal framework, legal principles, risk management, cyber resilience, resilience, institutional coordination, public-private partnership, post-war reconstruction, European directives, international experience.

Tabl.: 5. Bibl.: 42.

Khaustova Viktoriia Ye. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Director, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkiv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Trushkina Nataliia V. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Senior Research Fellow, Sector of Industrial Policy and Innovative Development of the Department of Industrial Policy and Energy Security, Research Centre for Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine (2 floor 1-a Inzhenernyi Ln., Kharkiv, 61166, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]

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