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Information and Analytical Support for the Audit and Forensic Accounting Examination of Foreign Currency Cash Settlement Operations: The Legislative, Accounting, Reporting, Tax and Analytical Aspects
Ostapenko T. M., Kubetska O. M., Bessonova S. I., Pashkevych M. S., Usatenko O. V.

Ostapenko, Tetiana M. et al. (2025) “Information and Analytical Support for the Audit and Forensic Accounting Examination of Foreign Currency Cash Settlement Operations: The Legislative, Accounting, Reporting, Tax and Analytical Aspects.” Business Inform 11:739–739.
https://doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2025-11-739-739

Section: Accounting and Auditing

Article is written in Ukrainian
Downloads/views: 0

UDC 336.743:657

Abstract:
The subject of the research is cash and settlement operations in foreign currency, including their regulatory framework, accounting methodology, reflection in financial statements, as well as control through audit and forensic accounting examination. The aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the characteristics of cash and settlement operations in foreign currency, taking into account the current Ukrainian legislation, accounting methodology, financial reporting, audit, and forensic accounting examination, which will allow for the identification of issues and the development of practical ways to improve the management of foreign exchange operations in the context of modern economic challenges. The methodological basis consists of a system approach, normative analysis of the legislative and subordinate acts of the National Bank of Ukraine (Law No. 2473-VIII, Resolutions No. 5, No. 18), provisions of NAS (Ukr) 21 and the Chart of Accounts, as well as audit control methods and forensic accounting examination. The results indicate that currency regulation in Ukraine is strictly regulated, and the company’s accounting policy should provide for alternatives to initial recognition and the calculation of exchange rate differences. A significant problem arises in conflicts between companies and banks due to ambiguous interpretations of risk and payment blocking. In financial reporting, exchange rate differences are recognized depending on the monetary nature of the items, affecting both the financial result and cash flow. The results obtained are as follows: the key issues are legal uncertainty in financial monitoring and the need to ensure the «prevalence of substance over form» through proper documentation, which constitutes the sole evidential basis for audits and legal disputes. The conclusions are: achieving the objectives of the article allows us to conclude that effective management of foreign exchange operations is possible only with harmonized accounting methodology, compliance with legislation, and transparent communication with the banking system (it is necessary to develop and implement internal unified procedures and checklists that provide an expanded set of evidence (including reconciliation documents and information about ultimate beneficiaries) to confirm the economic substance of transactions; it is essential to ensure the timely submission of these documents to banks and to obtain clear written justifications in case of payment refusals; the National Bank of Ukraine should clarify and detail indicators of suspicious transactions (Regulation No. 8) to avoid subjective interpretation by banks; in case of disputes, enterprises should actively use the conclusions of forensic accounting expertise as key evidence to confirm the legality of transactions and protect their interests.

Keywords: foreign exchange transactions, exchange rate differences, currency regulation, reporting, auditing, forensic accounting, financial monitoring, taxation, foreign economic activity.

Bibl.: 27.

Ostapenko Tetiana M. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Audit, National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic» (19 D. Yavornytskyi Ave., Dnіpro, 49005, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Kubetska Olha M. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of International Relations and Audit, National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic» (19 D. Yavornytskyi Ave., Dnіpro, 49005, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Bessonova Svitlana I. – Candidate of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Professor, Department of Finance, Accounting and Banking, Pryazovskyi State Technical University (29 Hoholia Str., Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Pashkevych Maryna S. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of International Relations and Audit, National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic» (19 D. Yavornytskyi Ave., Dnіpro, 49005, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]
Usatenko Olha V. – Doctor of Sciences (Economics), Professor, Head of the Department, Department of Economic Analysis and Finance, National Technical University «Dnipro Polytechnic» (19 D. Yavornytskyi Ave., Dnіpro, 49005, Ukraine)
Email: [email protected]

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